Role Of Colonial Propaganda During The American Revolution

The Role of Colonial Propaganda in the American Revolution Propaganda can be a very powerful force that motivates people to accomplish monumental feats. The colonists of America used that power of propaganda to do just that. They created propaganda that swept through the colonies so it would have a greater social effect, informed the colonists of the tyranny of Britain, and pushed the colonies towards unity against an unfair government. Therefore, colonial propaganda of the American Revolution provided the extra, but necessary, push the colonies needed to fight for their independence from Britain. The purposes of colonial Revolutionary propaganda were to inform and persuade the colonists to join the cause of†¦show more content†¦In the Declaration of Independence, one of the reasons given for declaring independence from Britain is â€Å"For taking away our Charters: abolishing our most valuable Laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our governments: For suspending ou r own legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with the power to legislate us in all cases whatsoever†. The colonists had been accustomed to being loyal to Britain while still having their own rules and governments, so when Britain issued the Declaratory Act in 1766, which stated that Parliament had the ability to â€Å"bind the colonies in all cases whatsoever†, the colonists felt threatened. Governments determine the way of life of the people, so this grievance listed in the Declaration of Independence reminded the colonists that their laws, their forms of governments, and essentially the colonists’ abilities to choose how to run their colonies was taken from Parliament. Parliament’s legislative authority over the colonists was one of the main subjects that colonial propaganda revolved around. In his 1774 pamphlet â€Å"Considerations on the Nature and the Extent of the Legislative Authority of the British Parliament†, James Wilson wrote â €Å"All lawful government is founded on the consent of those who are subject to it† in regards to Parliament’s taxation on the colonies and their ability to formulate laws forShow MoreRelatedThe Sons Of Liberty And Their Influence On Colonial Rule1948 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscontent towards colonial rule in America, ultimately leading to its independence. The Surge in the number of patriotic revolutionary groups, seen in the late 1700’s, can be attributed to the Sons of Liberty and their influence on the public’s attitude towards colonial rule. Numerous forms of propaganda were used by the Sons, reflecting poorly upon colonial rule, therefore furthering discontent amongst the population. Additionally, the lack of British military enforcement in its colonial states allowedRead MoreDBQ Questions781 Words   |  4 Pagesthe slavery issue from 1787-1857. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ The Westward Movement Describe the westward movement during the first hall of the 19th century as a political issue as well as a social issue in regard to social class, gender issues, and slavery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Read MoreAnalysis Of Crane Brinton s Anatomy Of A Revolution Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagescountries who have carried out these steps, but to really analyze the model we head to the new world. The American Revolution serves as a prime example of Crane Brinton s Anatomy of a Revolution because it consisted of reform stage of rising expectations, revolutionary ideologies and the accompanying coalitions were crucial during the radical stage, and unexpected consequences were seen during the reactionary stage, though the revolutionaries did not shy away from their cause. It is country with richRead MoreFrench and Indian War Dbq1152 Words   |  5 Pages(1754-1763), the relationship between the British and the American colonies underwent many radical changes. This war drew the British into America to fight the French alongside of th e American colonists. Once the fighting began, the vast economic, political, and ideological differences between the colonists and their mother country of Great Britain surfaced. The French and Indian War impacted the political correlation between Britain and the American colonies because the colonies desired a new democraticRead MoreEssay on Cubas Struggle For Independence1443 Words   |  6 PagesCuba the â€Å"ever faithful isle†, to the oldest colonial power and on once strongest empire on Earth. Cuba was loyal to Spain to prevent the inevitable uprising of the people. Peace and slavery prevailed over insurrection and emancipation.† pg.2 Ada Ferrer presents the atmosphere of a war that lasted 30 years only to end virtually back to the beginning under a new master. (U.S. Occupation) The struggle for independence was embedded in a deep vision of nationalism. Where race took a back seat to theRead MoreArt Is A Kind Of Illness Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesStudio in the United Kingdom called â€Å"Surplus Value† where they created posters in contradiction of imperialism and colonialism by promoting socialism. These posters have strong images as a way to protest and to show the results of imperialist and colonial wars. Postmodernism is another movement that relates to politically charged art. Postmodernism evolved from modernism. Modernism encouraged the re-examination of every aspect of existence and postmodernism is constantly trying to prove theoriesRead MoreKatipunan3171 Words   |  13 PagesThe Katipunan Finally Starts a Revolution The Katipunan is born * The  Katipunan  (meaning Association) planned and initiated the Philippine Revolution. It was founded in Tondo, Manila, by Andres Bonifacio and a few other fellow urban workers on July 7, 1892. Its full Tagalog name is  Kataastaasan Kagalang-galang na Katipunan nang manga Anak ng Bayan  (Highest and Most Venerated Association of the Sons and Daughters of the Land). From its inception, Katipunan was forged by blood, with all its membersRead MoreFilipino Nationalism : A Step Stone2608 Words   |  11 Pagessuch as Spain, Japan, and the United States. It was under Spanish colonial rule for more than three centuries. Spanish colonization began when, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, a Spanish voyager, disembarked in the Philippines in 1565 (Schumacher 1). This was the beginning of centuries of unethical treatments and inferiority of Filipinos. At first, the natives of the Philippines accepted the conquest and lived by the Spaniards’ rules. During the first few decades of Span ish colonialism, the Philippines wasRead MoreThe American And French Revolutions Essay1465 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the 18th century, the Enlightenment ideas were flourishing in both the American and French Revolutions. The Enlightenment perspective consisted of people searching for their social prestige, questioning authorities and believing they could create a new republic. The Americans aimed for independence and the French desired to overthrow their monarchy. The objective in both revolutions were relatively the same, to overthrow and recreate in efforts to achieve national sovereignty. However, theRead MoreWorld War I And The Era Of The Twentieth Century Essay1630 Words   |  7 PagesAlbert Einstein once said,† Nationalism is an infantile disease. It is the measles of mankind.† Nationalism has played a significant role throughout history. Nationalism can be defined as having a sense of belonging and loyalty to one s state or country. With growing middle class es and their desire to expand political power modern nationalism arose to create equal liberty and equality for all. (Mescevic) In the twentieth century new forms of nationalism emerged. In the United States, the basis

Avatar as an Allegory - 1879 Words

Avatar as an Allegory HUM3321-14 Sean Gilman Avatar as an Allegory HUM3321-14 Sean Gilman Sean Gilman Jeffrey Bennett HUM3321-14 13 December 2011 Avatar as an Allegory In the 1600s and 1700s, the British began to migrate to and colonize â€Å"The New World†, America. As they arrived, they met a society for whom they displayed little compassion and much hostility. The British invaded their land and oppressed the Native American people for hundreds of years due to their cultural differences and lack of understanding. James Cameron’s 2009 film, Avatar mirrors the discovery of the new world, albeit in a very different light. The American military colonizes and destroys land on Pandora, while showing no regard for the welfare of†¦show more content†¦The reason for the oppression of both the Na’vi and the Native Americans is due to ignorance and dislike of anyone with dissimilar beliefs; as is any oppression or persecution or war in the history of mankind, but I digress. The Na’vi are a truly peaceful and civilized culture. They get along very well with everyone, and they all seem happy and content with their standi ng in life. The Na’vi strongly believe in the spiritual world and everything about it. They have the aforementioned God figure, but to the Americans and any foreigners who don’t share these beliefs, this seems appalling and ridiculous. This is just like the Native Americans and their very differing spiritual religious beliefs. The Europeans saw the Native American ritual and traditions and immediately labeled them as uncivilized savages and a heathen people, all based on an ignorance for other cultures and beliefs. So one could only imagine the amount of vitriol and hate aimed at a ten foot tall, blue humanoid society with a strange language, that rides on bird like creatures and connects themselves with nature. The Americans see this and immediately envision a population that can easily be dominated and moved for their own selfish gain. They have no respect for this culture and everything that it brings to the table. As we see in the film, once some of the avatars, s uch as Jake Sully, find their way into Na’vi society they begin to acquire a deep appreciation and respect for the people of Pandora.Show MoreRelatedDifferent Interpretations Of The Scarlet Letter1609 Words   |  7 Pagesshows that symbolism, allegories, and the different possibilities for interpretation play a vital role in analyzing the novel’s worth by using Pearl and Hester as the main examples for the used literary devices from the novel. In Dr. Carrez’ article, she explains how symbolism plays a major role in The Scarlet Letter by giving the â€Å"simple† characters or object more complex, underlying meanings, especially with Pearl; more specifically with the idea that she is the physical avatar for the scarlet letterRead MoreEssay on The Masque of the Red Death1279 Words   |  6 Pagesan interesting and meaningful story. One of the devices used is imagery, which evokes the events of the story clearly in the reader’s mind. Another is allegory, which is used by Poe to create another story within his, as it is filled with double meanings. Lastly, Poe utilizes symbolism to give the story meaning. Edgar Allan Poe uses imagery, allegory, and symbolism to add dimension to his story and to express the theme that one cannot escape death, no matter how hard one tries. Poe uses imagery toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Stanley The Stanley Parable 1940 Words   |  8 Pagesand the narrator. The relationship between these three is the primary way the game is able to explore certain themes such as player agency, and how much choice matters. According to Astrid Ensslin, â€Å"As players we are made to read [the game] as an allegory of illusory agency built into games to give players the illusion of choice, power and control. In fact, we as players are all Stanley because again and again we willingly or even enthusiastically subject ourselves to the constraints set by the gamesRead MoreLiterary Themes, Styles, And Techniques Of Edgar Allan Poe2358 Words   |  10 Pagesunite with or remember that perfect beauty is symbolized by Poe’s figures of lady Ligeia in â€Å"Ligeia†, Helen in â€Å"To Helen†, and Lenore in â€Å"The Raven.† Wilbur describes how Poe’s stories act as allegories of escaping the mundane, material world through dreaming (102). According to Dictionary.com, an allegory is â€Å"a symbolic narrative; a representation of an abstract or spiritual meaning through concrete or material forms.† Essentially, an allegorical story serves as an extended metaphor and is highlyRead MoreEdgar Allan Poe And Nathaniel Hawthorne848 Words   |  4 Pageswriting is heavily influenced by horrible tragedies in his life. He mainly wrote about murder, death and madmen. The main writing style of Poe is he is very graphic and the main setting of his stories center around very graphic horror. â€Å"Blood was its Avatar and its seal the redness and the horror of blood† (Poe 1). Poe notably uses horrific imagery to paint a picture in the reader s mind. But on occasion Poe will paint an image on what the narrator is thinking instead of the actual image, As shownRead More Capitalism, Marketing, and t he Insidious and Covert Co-optation of the Self6482 Words   |  26 PagesInsidious and Covert Co-optation of the Self Subtitle: A Manifesto for Avatars 1. Introducing Avatars AVATARA-Sanskrit.; ava-down, tarati-he goes, passes beyond literally, a descent, a conception described in the Bhagavad gita, 4th Teaching, 1-8 where Krishna confides: when goodness grows weak, when evil increases, I make myself a body. (OED) Originally referring to the incarnation of Hindu deities, avatars in the computing realms have come to mean any of the various strap-onRead More Encounters with Death in The Masque of Red Death Essays1302 Words   |  6 Pagescharacter, and allegory on The Masque of Red Death a certain aspect of this work has yet to be defined. The plague that devastated a whole countryside could only be described. Could it be that Poe uses this fiction to chronicle his own encounters with death in his own life? To better understand this viewpoint a short summary is incorporated:    The Red Death had long devastated the country. No pestilence had ever been so fatal, or so hideous. Blood was its Avatar and its seal-theRead MoreThe And Theory Of The Tripartite Soul1765 Words   |  8 Pagesmore influence than any set of writings in the Western World apart from the Judeo-Christian Bible. 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Any change that is made to theRead MoreWhy Be Moral : A Short Discussion Of Ethical Motivation1697 Words   |  7 Pagesjust the process of arguing and counter-arguing would demonstrate the lack of a proven reason we ought to be moral. Let s push on, though, and continue our survey of answers to the question of why be ethical. Collective Consciousness The movie Avatar featured throughout its main plot line an apparatus which transferred the consciousness of the main characters out of their bodies to the bodies of other creatures. In the Asimov Foundation series, different characters (The Mentalics, The Mule) could

Genesis Energy Limited Position in Industry

Question: Discuss about the Genesis Energy Limited for Position in Industry. Answer: Companys Introduction Position In Industry M/s AGL Energy Limited was incorporated in the year 1837 and since then the company has been engaged in developing the technologies through which the safe and reliable energy can be reached to the customers. The company was first to develop the gas street lamp in 1841 in Australia and has cater to the customers in many ways including Gas stoves for housewives, introducing the natural gas and launching the battery storage device in the year 2015. Due to these developments on year on year basis, the company has been regarded as one of Australias leading Integrated Energy Companies. (Cited in Official Website) M/s Genesis Energy Limited was formed in the year 1999 and since then has been the diversified company selling electricity and Natural Gas. Now it has become the largest retailer in gas and electricity of New Zealand catering more than 6,50,000 customers in the New Zealand. The focus of the company is on all the sectors prevailing in the economy residential, commercial and industrial. (Cited in Official Website) As both the companies operates in the same industry and keeping in consideration the pace at which both the companies are growing and has become competitor to each other, the companies have been selected for comparison. Initial Analysis Of Trends In The Financial Statements Agl Energy Limited Profit and Loss Statement Decreasing trend in the Revenue earned by the company. In 2014 there has been increase of 7.51% and in the year 2015 there has been increase on 2.33% approximately. Decreasing Trend in the Net Profit earned by the company. In 2014 there has been increase of 52% whereas in the year 2015 there has been decrease of 61% approximately. There has been increase in Other Operating Income by $ 83 million which shows 33.60% as increasing trend. Increase in Finance Cost by $7 million is there over the past year. Balance Sheet In the year 2015, inventories are $396 million as compared to the year 2014 figure which is $191 million. It exhibits increase in net working capital. Decrease of $197 million in the Cash and Cash Equivalents which shows that the companys cash flows have been decreased. Borrowings have been considerably increased from $45 million in the year 2014 to $ 443 million in the year 2015. Net Working Capital has been decreased from $1245 million in the year 2014 to $ 1086 million in the year 2015. Statement of Cash Flows As compared to year 2014, in the year 2015: Operating Cash Flows has been increased $345 million . Investing Cash Flows has been decreased by $ 1406 million. Financing Cash Flows has been increased by $669 million. Therefore, net decrease in Cash Balance over the year 2014-2015 is $207 million. Statement of Changes in Total Equity It comprises of Issued and Paid up Share Capital, Reserves and Retained Earnings and has been increased to $8815 million. (Anastasia, 2015) Increase is mainly because of issue of share capital. Genesis energy limited: Profit and Loss Statement Revenue has been increased from $2005 million in the year 2014 to $2097 million in the year 2015. Net Profit has been increased from $49.2 million in the year 2014 to $104.80 million in the year 2015. Decrease in Finance Cost by $1.10 million is there over the past year. Balance Sheet In the year 2015, inventories are $80 million as compared to the year 2014 figure which is $93.80 million. It exhibits decrease in net working capital. Decrease of $2.30 million in the Cash and Cash Equivalents which shows that the companys cash flows have been decreased. Borrowings have been considerably increased from $12.3 million in the year 2014 to $ 117.80 million in the year 2015. Net Working Capital has been decreased from $110.70 million in the year 2014 to $ 36.60 million in the year 2015. Statement of Cash Flows As compared to year 2014, in the year 2015: Operating Cash Flows has been increased $14.40 million . Investing Cash Flows has been increased by $ 34.30 million. Financing Cash Flows has been decreased by $51.80 million. Therefore, net decrease in Cash Balance over the year 2014-2015 is $2.3 million. Statement of Changes in Total Equity It comprises of Issued and Paid up Share Capital, Reserves and Retained Earnings and has been increased to $1825.40 million. Change In Financial Ratios And Its Reason Agl Energy Limited In terms of Profitability Ratio Profitability ratios have been decreased as compared to the ratios of earlier year. The decrease is majorly due to decrease in the profit margins or increase in the expenses. (Bajkowski, 1999, p.3) In terms of Liquidity ratios Current and Quick Ratio shows that the companys liquidity position is not much better and the decrease is majorly due to the increase in borrowings. In terms of Capital Structure Ratio Debt Equity ratio and Shareholders equity ratio is better which shows that investor will have gains in making investment in this company. (Lan, 2012) Earnings Per share (EPS) give the amount that each investor will have for his or her share. Decrease in Earnings per share by $0.65 over the past two years. Genesis Energy Limited In terms of Profitability Ratio Profitability ratios have been increased as compared to the ratios of earlier year. The increase is majorly due to increase in the profit margins. In terms of Liquidity ratios Current and Quick Ratio shows that the companys liquidity position is not much better and worst and the decrease is majorly due to the increase in borrowings. In terms of Capital Structure Ratio Debt Equity ratio and Shareholders equity ratio is better which shows that investor will have gains in making investment in this company. Earnings Per share (EPS) give the amount that each investor will have for his or her share. Increase in Earnings per share by $5.56 over the past two years. References 1. AGL Energy Limited official website available on https://www.agl.com.au/about-agl accessed on 25/08/2016. 2. Genesis Energy Limited official website available on https://www.genesisenergy.co.nz/home accessed on 25/08/2016. 3. Anastasia, (2015), Financial Statement Analysis : An Introduction available on https://www.cleverism.com/financial-statement-analysis-introduction/ accessed on 24/08/2016. 4. Bajkowski, (1999), Financial Accounting Ratios: Putting the Numbers to Work, AAII Journal, August 1999 issue, Pages 1-7. Accessed on 26/08/2016 5. Lan J., (2012), 16 Financial Ratios for Analysing a Companys Strengths and Weaknesses, AAII Journal, September 2012 issue available on https://www.aaii.com/journal/article/16-financial-ratios-for-analyzing-a-companys-strengths-and-weaknesses.touch accessed on 26/08/2016. 6. Literature Review Analysis of Financial Statements available on https://library.binus.ac.id/eColls/eThesisdoc/Bab2/Bab%202_10-19.pdf accessed on 26/08/2016.

Sexism is Manifest in Magazines Essay Example

Sexism is Manifest in Magazines Essay Everyday, we face advertisements that use the sexuality of individuals to sell products.   Advertising degrades a woman’s worth in society and uses her body to sell items such as cars, jewelry, and beverages.   Those most often exploited are our mothers, daughters, and sisters. Beautiful women, scantily dressed give us incentive to buy products, whenever the incentive is to be with these females, or as in most cases, to be like them.   Because of this is exploitation, women believe they have to live up to an unachievable standard of beauty.   If they fail to reach these ideas, they are made to feel worthless.The ideal woman is based on flawlessness: no lines, wrinkles, blemishes, and scars-no pores.   She is human.   This look can only be achieved cosmetically, and is the only standard of beauty in our culture (Kilbourne). â€Å"Deep in many girls hearts lies an impossible standard-long blonde hair, long, long legs, a slim, tall body, and perpetual youth.   Call it Barbie† (Winegar 1 E).   Dr. Lesley J. Dlugokinski, a clinical psychologist from Oklahoma City, suggests that many of the messages linking a woman’s value to her beauty are deeply rooted in Western Culture, beginning with ancient myths and fairtales like â€Å"Sleeping Beauty† (qtd. in Kinka).So much emphasis placed on appearance that a woman’s lovability and desirability rely on it.   An advertisement for a weight loss clinic reads: â€Å" I’d probably never be married now if I hadn’t lost forty-nine pounds’-which one woman said was the best advertisement for fat she’d ever seen†.   Such advertisements only reaffirm that being beautiful is a result of the products we buy, not who we are inside.   Physical appearance seems to define a woman’s worth.In most advertisements, the woman’s body is used as an object, and whatever her body is like, it will not do; it must change.   Every part of the bo dy must be altered.   For many women in America, how they look often determines how they feel about themselves, impacting their self-esteem.   â€Å"The message regarding†¦physical beauty is so pervasive that even women with wonderful talents, attributes, skills and intellect don’t feel those are enough† (Winegar   1-E).   Women are judged solely on appearance and are put into competition with each other’s looks; if a woman does achieve the desire look, she loses love of other women.â€Å"The essential selling traits used in the portrayal of women are alluring, decorative, and traditional† (Courtney 9).   The trend of using women for allurement or decoration is found mostly in advertisements for beverages and automobiles.   The sexual implications are more than obvious in selling a product that has nothing to do with sex.   These types of advertisements are found throughout mainly men’s magazines, selling â€Å"manly† prod ucts.Advertisers subliminally integrate sexual ideas into the selling of products.   They realize that many times that people do not read the copy, so they use photographs to exploit sexuality in males and females in the shape of the products or the way the models are positioned.   An advertisement for Love’s Baby Soft perfume reads: â€Å"Because innocence is sexier than you think†.   In the advertisement, an adult woman is presented as a child.   She is dressed as a little girl, but she is sitting with her legs apart, skirt slightly raised.   She has a visible cleavage and is sucking in a lollipop.   The shape of the perfume bottle is clearly phallic, and the implicit meanings in the advertisement tell women not to be mature or grown up and to stay passive, powerless, and dependent (Kilnourne).On the other hand, some advertisements, even try to cover the fact that they are bluntly using sexuality to sell their products.   In some advertisements, women a re naked, wearing only the product for sale. The use of their bodies to sell these products, which have nothing to do with being naked, is disgusting.   Their sexuality is only being used to catch the eye of the consumer.Feminine things are constantly devalued, which causes women to devalue themselves and men to devalue women.   Women are being devalued each time an advertisement depicts a woman as an object.   â€Å"Turning a human being into an object is the first step in justifying violence toward that person† (Kilbourne).   Men are portrayed as violent and brutal in advertisements, and their body language sends a message to tell all men to be in control, and always uses power, threat, and intimidation.   A billboard for a Rolling Stones album cover reads, â€Å"I’m black and blue from the Rolling Stones, and I Love It† (Kilbourne).   Such advertisements give the implication that women love and deserve to be beaten.   An even more appalling adve rtisement for men’s boots headlines, â€Å"Treat’em good and they’ll treat you good† (Kilbourne).   It shows a woman straddling a man’s leg, pulling his boot off.   The copy read, â€Å"Some men treat their boots better than their women; not all together admirable, but certainly understandable† (Kilbourne).   Battery of women is presented as a joke.   People who are opposed to violent and sexist advertisement must organize to remove them, and the products they sell from our lives.Four general stereotypes of women are; â€Å"a woman’s place is in the home; women do not make important decisions or do important things; women are dependent and need a man’s protection; and men regard women primarily as sex objects† (Courtney 7).   Even though in 1987, one third of all women in the labour force were the sole supporter of their families, advertisements like the following for Braemar sweaters made a joke of a woman in the work place.   The advertisement shows a woman in a skirt, blouse and a Braemar sweater.   The copy reads, â€Å"Phoebe chose to work, not because she had to, but because it gave her a place to wear her Braemar sweaters† (Kilbourne).   Such sacrum of women in the work place only destroys what has taken so long to get even to this level.   The women’s movement is constantly being mocked and patronized in advertisements.The most prevalent problem in advertising’s ideal of   women is weight.   After seeing hundreds of advertisements featuring ultra-thin, waif-like models each day, women feel contempt, loathing, and disgust for their bodies.   Joan Dickerson, author of Some Thoughts on   Fat, claims   that â€Å"we’re all supposed to strive for a long and thin ideal, but who exemplifies this ideal?   A man, of course; specifically a young man†Ã‚   (Winegar 1-E).   Young women especially, are judging themselves based on what the y see in the mirror.   One in five college-age women have eating disorders, and eighty to eighty-five percent of the consumers of diet programs are women.   The idea for women as displayed in advertisements weights twenty-five percent less than average woman (Winegar 1-E ).Since more and more women’s groups protest their exploitation in advertising, a small trend toward lessening these advertisements is coming about.   However, because of this, men are being exploited instead.   An example is a television commercial for Diet Coke in which female office workers â€Å"gawk† out the window at a shirtless male construction worker.   Because it is not politically correct to use women as object’s now, â€Å"men are the babies†¦it’s pleasing to the eye to show men’s pecs, since you can’t show women’s breast† (Dunn B-6).   Although this does seem to be a trend, it will take time before men reach the level of exploitati on that women have faced for decades.After seeing thousands of exploitive advertisements every year, we become callus to the psychological effects they have on us as consumers.   No one’s body, male or female, deserves to be treated as an object, but should be held in high esteem and respect.   This respect should not be limited to those who are thin or beautiful or white or heterosexual.   Advertising that depicts this standard pollutes our minds and only we as consumers, by standing up against such unrealistic ideals, can stop the pollution.

american black essays

american black essays Midterm Essay #2: Topic #2 Irish and African Americans In the period of vast immigration into the United States and within it, the Irish and African Americans are very closely related in their experiences as immigrants and their experiences during and after their immigration. Their origins, flows, economic incorporation in the United States, settlement and socio-political adaptation was a little different but it had some similarities. Both groups were pushed and pulled out of their native lands by the same type of factors, and the problems that they faced were similar. The Push Pull theory and the Network Theory can explain their experiences as immigrants. The Irish migration to the United States was caused by many factors, but there were a few major ones that caused most Irish citizens to consider the migration to the new world. The Irish came from Ireland to escape many hardships that plagued them. First and foremost was the potato famine that was wide spread throughout Ireland. A fungus ate away most of the potato crop (I, 146) and since most of the economy was based on agriculture and the potato crop was a key product, the economy took a tremendous hit. Widespread unemployment, food shortages ran rampant throughout the country. Also the colonization of Ireland by the English government did not help the situation at all. The government was oppressive and did very little to ease the problems of Ireland during this harsh time. But also outside factors pulled the Irish to come to America. Labor recruiters from the United States ran ad campaigns and sent recruiters to Ireland to get the citizens to pack up and leave for Americ a. They promised steady jobs, high wages and a quality of life that was far superior to that of Irelands (I, 146). So not only were the Irish being pushed out of the country by hardships, but also they were being pulled into America by th...

Aushwitz1 essays

Aushwitz1 essays The Nazis establishes Auschwitz in April 1940, under the orders of Heinrich Himmler. Heinrich Himmler was in charge of two Nazi organizations. The camp at Auschwitz originally housed political prisoners from occupied Poland and various concentration camps from within Germany. Prisoners were transported from all over Nazi-occupied Europe. When the prisoners arrived at the complex they were separated into three groups. One group was sent directly to the gas chamber at Birkenau within a few hours, usually seven. The second group of prisoners was used as slaves to work for industrial factories and companies. At the Auschwitz complex 405,00 prisoners were recorded as laborers between 1940 and 1945. The third group, comprised of mostly twins and dwarfs, under went medical experiments at the hands of doctors, such as Josef Mengeles. Josef Mengels was also known as the Angel of Death. Auschwitz was partly staffed by prisoners, some who were selected as kapos (orderlies). The rest of the staff was Nazi soldiers. In 1943 resistance organizations had developed at Auschwitz. These organizations helped a few prisoners escape. The escaped prisoners took with the news of exterminations, such as the killings of thousands of Jews that were transported from Hungary between May 1944 and July 1944. On January 27 1945 the soviet army marched into Auschwitz to liberate the camp. The soviet army found about 7,600 survivors that were abandoned at the camp. More than 58,000 prisoners were evacuated by the Nazis and sent on a final death march to Germany. The Auschwitz concentration camps were inhumane, treating their prisoners as no such man could imagine. The concentration camps were designed to bring pain and suffering to all prisoners that were forced to stay there, with the final destination of death. ...

7 Habits Of Highly Effective People Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

7 Habits Of Highly Effective People - Assignment Example If you want to understand the other people better, you need to listen to them attentively and without a are other than just speaking all the time. Listening establishes and strengthens the relationship of understanding and makes a world a better place to live in. It is your method of communication that tells people that you are open to sharing, if you are not communicative and do not try to understand others approach, no matter how sincere you are, people will find it difficult to trust you. Empathetic Listening is a key to make people trust you, but it can be very risky sometimes. To listen to people and to relate to them, you have to open yourself up too which makes you vulnerable, but the key rule here is that you cannot influence someone if you are not yourself ready to be influenced. The more you open up, the more you are able to understand people and ultimately you are able to influence them but at the risk of your own security being exposed. Every principle can be applied to everyone, but not in its raw form, you need to customize the rules and principles according to the situation at hand. Only this way you are able to understand a person and his angle of seeing a certain thing, you need to understand the people to help them, advise them and take them out of their miseries. Find the principle that can help them, modify it and then apply it to the situation. Do not just help for the sake of helping or do not just listen and understand for the sake of understanding. If you invest effort, it will improve your personal relationships at basic level and community at large.One first has to develop his or her self to step into shoes of others, the personal strength and character can be built until one have the positive emotional bank account, empathetic listening and the pure desire to help the individuals. Listening is important because it helps you to speak effectively in a tone and with words that people want to listen to yo u. if you adopt the empathetic listening skills then you are able to repeat the words that people use in their conversation, rephrase them to look them more appealing so that your words become effective, finally in your tone you start reflecting the feeling in the same way the other person is perceiving it. This creates a psychological understanding and people are able to comprehend each other’s view exactly they meant it to be.

Integrity from Kings and Carters views Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Integrity from Kings and Carters views - Essay Example The Letter from Birmingham Jail written by Martin Luther King Jr. appears to be the very fabric of Stephen Carter’s three steps to integrity articulated in the book Integrity. Of course, this does not imply that Carter mainly uses King as his guiding principle in formulating his definition of integrity; probably King is one of the many people with genuine integrity that Carter viewed in order for him to establish the three steps to integrity. It is uncertain, nevertheless, if King would agree to Carter’s three steps, particularly the third step. There are problems inherent in Carter’s â€Å"saying openly.† King would generally view or interpret Carter’s integrity based largely from his own life and belief system. Reading King’s Letter from Birmingham Jail, the three steps of integrity expounded by Carter appear to be in harmony with King’s thoughts, actions, and expressions. Of the three categories of integrity, King’s integrity through his letter is justified as articulated in Carter’s third step: â€Å"saying openly that you are acting on your understanding of right from wrong† (Carter 7). Carter admits that the third step is the most difficult part of attaining integrity or an integral life. He argues that the present-day American individual will do everything merely for the sake of social acceptance. Conversely, Carter’s integrity requires a person to say openly on the reason for his or her action, even at the expense of personal interest. This is what King did; he expresses openly to a group of people -- namely, the religious clergymen -- about the reason for his action (i.e., peaceable assembly). ... it deeply before he -- together with his brothers and sisters who are black Americans like himself -- went to the streets in expressing his sentiments concerning the prevalence of racism in the country. By and large, King would view or interpret Carter’s definition of integrity based from his contemplative, active, and writing life. In Carter’s view, on the other hand, King’s thoughts, actions, and sayings fit well to his integrity paradigm. In the first step to integrity, Carter explains that an integral life requires the person’s â€Å"discerning what is right and what is wrong† (7). To discern or think about what is good and what is not is a prerequisite for an integral life. With respect to the first step outlined by Carter, King is a contemplative person. He contemplates on the things or ideas that are relevant to his life as a person in general and as an African American in particular. In his letter, it is apparent that King has made several t hinking concerning the existence of racism characterized in segregation. He has cited many and varied experiences, all of them are ugly, of the black community within the white-dominated society. For one thing, King mentions about the signboards and other displays in the grocery stores that contain an anti-black message. The most touching of the numerous examples presented in the letter is when an African American child asks his father why â€Å"white people treat colored people so mean† (King). King has discerned deeply and even philosophically before he takes his action to the streets. In the second step to integrity, Carter states that a person with integrity has to act based from what he or she has discerned, even at â€Å"personal cost† (7). From King’s letter alone, Carter would say that this man is a man of

Financial Planning and Forecasting Essay Example for Free

Financial Planning and Forecasting Essay We have also provided comprehensive documentation on the templates so that you do not need to guess or figure out how we implemented the models. All our template models are only in black and white color. We believe this is how a professional financial template should look like and also that this is the easiest way for you to understand and use the templates. All the input fields are marked with the ‘*’ symbol for you to identify them easily. Whether you are a financial analyst, investment banker or accounting personnel. Or whether you are a student aspiring to join the finance world or an entrepreneur needing to understand finance, we hope that you will find this package useful as we have spent our best effort and a lot of time in developing them. ConnectCode Pg iii Financial Planning and Forecasting Version 1. 0 1. 1. 1 Financial Planning and Forecasting Pro Forma Financial Statements Financial statements projections and forecasting are very common in corporate financial analysis. The reason is that it is very useful and important to forecast how much financing a company will require in future years. The projections are achieved by using historical sales, accounting data and assumptions on future sales and costs. These financial statements projections are known financial modeling as Pro Forma financial statements. 1. 2 Financial Statements Modeling This spreadsheet provides a template for financial statements forecasting. It requires simple financial statements inputs from the past 5 years and will automatically generate all the necessary Pro Forma Financial Statements projections outputs. The following diagram illustrates the process of using this template for financial statements forecasting.

Ethical Dilemmas Faced by Nurses and Other Healthcare Professionals Ess

The role of ethics in organizational behavior is the underlying factor to the success and longevity of any organization. A set of rules and guidelines focusing on promoting safety, trust, and responsible practice within the workplace must be established internally. Organizations develop code of ethics that center upon the promotion of good. Ethics are vital in developing trusting relationships between employees and administration within. A code of ethics highlights the responsibility and accountability standards of each and every employee within the organization. These codes are also motivating factors that guide the employees’ behavior, set the standard regarding ethical conduct, and build an organizations trustworthiness within their surroundings. (McShane, Gilnow, 2012). The role of ethics in organizational behavior can negatively or positively impact an entire healthcare entity. If employees are educated on the importance of practicing ethically at all times, and the organization as a whole operates unethically displayed values of an organization are then in question. Before employees can begin to practice ethically the organizational foundation of standard must be rooted. Every individual regardless of position should be held accountable for their actions. Healthcare organizations are very influential and play an active role within the community. The decisions of a healthcare organization can easily sway the community’s perspective and damage developed relationships. The community is the heart of any healthcare organization. Consumers come from within the community, and if they seek elsewhere a healthcare organization can falter. Employees may feel better connected to an organization that values and appreciates their... ...are. The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Retrieved November 14, 2013. Lin, M. Chuen-Teng, H. Hsien-Hsein, C. Ching-Huey, C. (2012). Exploring ethical aspects of elective surgery patients’decision-making experiences . Nursing Ethics. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.proxy024.nclive.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=9be8d4ae-586e-4f0b-8ab4-bec5ae12910b%40sessionmgr13&vid=3&hid=115. Retrieved November 17, 2013. McShane, S. Von Glinow. (2013). Organizational Behavior 6th Edition. McGraw Hill. New York, NY. Field, M; Lo, B. (2009). Conflict of Interest in Medical Research, Education, and Practice. The National Academies. . Retrieved November 1, 2013.

Globalisation and Cross Cultural Management

Globalization and cross cultural management Case: globalization of health care- shortage of radiologists in the US and demand is twice as large as the rate of graduation. Solution is to send Images over the internet to be interpreted by radiologists in India? In 2004 170,000 triggers visited India for medical treatments and is expected to grow at 15% for the next several years Globalization: The shift toward a more integrated and interdependent world economy. Globalization of markets: the merging of distinctly separate national markets into a global market place.This includes falling barriers to cross border trade (which have made It easier to sell Internationally), the convergence of global tastes and preferences and the development of standardized products suited to a world market. Difficulties with the globalization of markets generally arise from significant differences among these national markets, country specific marketing strategies and varied product mixes. Globalization of production: refers to the sourcing of goods and services from locations around the world to take advantage of differences In the cost or quality of the factors of production (land, labor, capital).Increasingly companies are taking advantage of modern communications technology, and particularly the Internet, to outsource service activities to low cost producers in other nations. Outsourcing of productive activities to difference suppliers results in the creation of products that are global in nature. Impediments to the globalization tot production include: formal and informal barriers to trade, barriers to FED, transportation costs. Issues associated with economic risk and Issues associated with political risk. Drivers of globalization: Two macro factors seem to underlie the trend toward greater globalization.These Include- * decline In barriers to the free flow of goods, services and capital that has occurred since WWW * technological change Declining trade and Investment barriers: During the sass's and ass, many of the nation states of the world erected formidable barriers to international trade and FED. Advanced industrial nations of the west committed themselves after WWW to removing barriers to the free flow of goods, services and capital between nations. Technology: Lowering of trade barriers made globalization possible; technology has made it a real TTY.Since the end tot 2 the world NAS seen advances in miscommunication, information processing and transportation technology. Advantages of globalization: * Lower prices for goods and services * economic growth stimulation * increase in consumer income * creates Jobs * countries specialist in production of goods and services that are produced most efficiently Disadvantages of globalization: * Destroys manufacturing Jobs in wealthy, advanced countries * Wage rates of unskilled workers in advanced countries declines * companies move to countries with fewer labor and environment regulations * loss of sovereignt y What is culture? Culture is coherent (each fragment of a culture makes sense if you now the whole tapestry of culture), Culture is learned (families, friends, media), Culture is the view of a group of people (nation, religion, clan, family), culture ranks what is important (values) and culture furnishes attitudes and dictates behavior. There are two main elements of culture. These include: on stage or visible elements of culture and back stage or invisible elements of culture. Transactional culture is the culture that develops when cultures meet and have to collaborate (I. E an NC).Model of culture: Artifacts and Products Explicit Onstage-culture Norms and Values Off-stage culture Basic Assumptions Implicit Off stage culture: includes aspects such as the Susie culture where we give everybody a fair go, and the Chinese culture where they have the importance of Guiana in society and not losing face, or in Thai culture where there is a high respect for superiors and harmony/balance. Understanding dimensions and theories of culture part one (Trampers) What is culture? : Culture is acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior.This knowledge forms values, creates attitudes, and influences behavior. Characteristics tot culture: * Learned * Shared * Trans-generational Symbolic * Patterned * Adaptive A model of culture: Understanding culture: Cultures do not vary in essence (people spend their time trying to solve similar problems) but in their preference for certain solutions. Egg is how to treat a flu (sickness) in a country. Understanding culture is to understand the underlying meanings attached by a given community/group of people to those universal concepts and activities, and to the behaviors they incur.Values in culture: Values are learned from the culture from which the individual is reared. Differences in cultural values may result in varying management practices ND involve the basic convictions that people have abo ut right and wrong, good and bad etc. Value similarities and differences across cultures: 1 . Strong relationship between level of managerial success and personal values 2. Value patterns predict managerial success and can be used in selection/placement decisions 3. Country differences in relationship between values and success; however findings across US, Japan, Australia and India are similar 4.Values of more successful managers favor pragmatic, dynamic, achievement oriented and active role in the interaction with others 5. Values of less successful managers tend toward tactic and passive values; relatively passive roles in interacting with others How culture affects managerial approaches: * Decentralized and Centralized decision making: In some societies, top managers make all important organizational decisions. In others, these decisions are diffused throughout the enterprise, and middle and lower level managers actively participate in, and make, key decisions. Safety Vs. Risk: In some societies, organizational decision makers are risk averse and have great difficulty with conditions of uncertainty. In others, risk taking is encouraged, and decision making under Individual Vs. Group rewards: In some countries, uncertainty is common. Personnel who do outstanding work are given individual rewards in the form of bonuses and commissions. In others, cultural norms require group rewards, and individual rewards are frowned upon. * Informal procedures Vs. formal procedures: In some societies, much is accomplished through informal meaner.In others, formal procedures are set forth and followed rigidly. * High organizational loyalty vs. low organizational loyalty: In some societies, people identity very strongly with their organization or employer. In others, people identify with their occupational roof, such as engineer or mechanic. * Cooperation Vs. Competition: Some societies encourage cooperation between their people while others encourage competition between the ir people. * Short term Vs. Long term horizons: Some cultures focus most heavily on short term horizons, such as short-range goals of profit and efficiency.Others are more interested in long-range goals, such as market share and technological developments. * Stability Vs. Innovation: The culture of some countries encourages stability and resistance to change. The culture of others puts high value on innovation and change. Trampers' Cultural Dimensions: . Universalism Vs. Particulars: Universalism implies that ideas and practices can be applied everywhere. High universalism countries have lots of formal rules and closely adhere to business contracts (egg Canada, US, HECK).Particulars is where the circumstances dictate how ideas/practices apply; high particulars countries often modify contracts (egg China, South Korea) 2. Individualism Vs. Communitarian's: Individualism focuses on people as individuals. Countries with high individualism stress personal and individual manners- they ass ume great personal responsibility (egg Canada, Thailand, US, Japan). Communitarian's is where people regard themselves as part of a group. They value group related issues, committee decisions and Joint responsibility (egg Malaysia). 3.Neutral Vs. Emotional: Neutral is a culture where emotions are not shown and people act stoically and maintain composure (egg Japan and UK). In emotional, emotions are expressed openly and naturally- people smile a lot, talk loudly and greet catheter with enthusiasm (egg Mexico, Netherlands, Switzerland). 4. Specific Vs. Diffuse: Specific is defined as a large public space shared with others and their small private space if guarded closely. High specific cultures the people are open and extroverted, with a strong separation between work and personal life (egg UK and US).For diffuse, public and private spaces are similar size, where the public space is guarded because it is shared with the private space; people are indirect and introverted with their wo rk/ private life being closely linked (egg China, Spain). 5. Achievement Vs. Ascription: Achievement oriented is a status based on how well functions are performed (Austria, US). An ascription function is status based on who or what the person is (China, Indonesia). 6. Time: Sequential is where here is only one activity at a time, appointments are kept strictly and plans are followed as they are laid out (US).Synchronous involves multi tasking and making approximate appointments alongside schedules that are subordinate to relationships (egg France, Mexico). Present Vs. Future: Future more important in Italy, US; Present more important in Venezuela, Indonesia; all three time periods equally important in France and Belgium. 7. The Environment: Inner directed is where people believe in the control of outcomes (US, Greece, Japan) and outer directed is where people believe in letting things take their own course (China,

Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology

Culture plays an important part in one’s life as it relates to the field of psychology. Culture enables one to define him or herself and differ from one to another, and helps one survive. Culture facilitates self-expression, through language, appearance, and behavior. Culture exists everywhere and is a product of one’s environment. The significance of culture and its influence by oneself and others will be explained in this paper. In addition, the role of critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology and the scientific method involved with cross-cultural research will be addressed, and defined.Definition of Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology Culture is learned, passed down, from generation to generation and strongly influences individual behavior. It is an existing element in one’s environment, shaped by oneself and many others. Culture either shapes or influences one and is what makes one human. Psychology is the study of human behavior and performance; the refore, it is vital that the cultural and cross-cultural aspects are considered in determining the cause of one’s actions.Behavior is affected by sources both biological and environmental in nature but these do not entirely explain human behavior. There must be an acknowledgement of the social-cultural conditions, in which behavior occurs. Thus, cultural psychology looks to identify the link that between culture and psychology. This recognition allows one to perceive that cognitive operations are variable products occurring between culture and oneself in the kind of environment by which one is surrounded (Segal, Dasen, Berry & Poortinga, 1999). Culture is two-fold, either bringing people together or pulling people apart.This newer discipline of cross-cultural psychology, acknowledges important factors and considers many cultures when defining the actions and behaviors of individuals. Culture should be not confused with society, race, and ethnicity. Though these factors contri bute to individualism, they differ from culture itself. For example, culture is a shared experience within a group and leads to specific behaviors among the group, whereas society is made of people. Cross-cultural psychology uses various approaches to facilitate one’s understanding of how human behavior varies in diverse cultural settings.These include evolutionary, sociological, and ecocultural. The evolutionary approach, for instance, considers biological factors contributing to one’s behavior whereas the ecocultural approach considers that a person cannot be acknowledged without considering one’s environment (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The Relationship between Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology Cultural psychology interfaces with other disciplines, including philosophy, and anthropology. While other disciplines permit a wider perspective, cultural psychology focuses solely on how one’s culture affects his or her behavior and how this connection comes i nto existence.G Cultural psychology is aware that human energy cannot be solely explicated by other factors including one’s genetic predispositions. Instead, cultural psychology sees one’s mind and culture forming a unity that should be not separated when trying to explain behavior. On the other hand, cross-cultural psychology, despite interfacing with other fields such as anthropology and history, prefers to compare various cultures against each other while discovering more about differences and similarities and their effect on humanity.Both disciplines clearly consider the aspects of culture; therefore, their starting points do not differ much. However, they also deviate from each other in that cultural psychology is mostly concerned with understanding the relationship one has with a culture, whereas cross-cultural psychology is mainly interested in the comparison of various cultures (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The Role of Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology W hen used correctly, critical thinking can, and will benefit one in countless ways.Life, just as humanity itself, is very complex and at times, difficult to understand. Being able to go through life with a certain purpose and sense, and being able to understand human nature is not an easy task, often requiring specific knowledge and experience in doing so. Critical thinking provides the necessary tools to enable one to navigate through the fog of life with the determined intent. However, critical thinking is not something one is born with; rather, it is something that needs to be learned and trained.Thinking abstractly, being able to decipher problematic puzzles, coordinating thoughts accurately and intentionally, and being able to communicate succinctly require the use of critical thinking. Thinking critically means asking the right questions and solving problems. If one is unskilled and unqualified using the tools provided by critical thinking, then one most likely is not developin g to his or her fullest. Part of being able to apply critical thinking also means one can learn, and learn even more.Various characteristics describe a critical thinker and are, for instance, the correct use of language, the ability of organizing, and patience when making vital decisions (Hunter, 2009). All these above mentioned factors matter to the field of cross-cultural psychology. For example, language can be at times very tricky and therefore, lead to discrimination. The correct translation is very significant so that one can understand someone else in the way he or she wants to be comprehended. However, interlingual rendition is not easy and translating one word to another does not entirely mean the purpose of the word used is understood correctly.One clearly must know that language can be applied in many ways and can traumatize, be incontrovertible, and inspiring. Another way critical thinking supports cross-cultural psychology is in the research performed by this discipline . Being able to overlook biases, leave out emotions, chose right from wrong, and acknowledge the validity and reliability of research requires critical thinking skills. In addition, critical thinking becomes a necessity whenever a comparison is made of different groups and therefore cultures.These are just few of many examples of how critical thinking helps cross-cultural psychology. Without it, one’s understanding of how culture affects diverse behaviors could become affected leading to wrong impressions (Segal, Dasen, Berry & Poortinga, 1999). Methodology Associated with Cross-Cultural Research Research is very significant to the field of cross-cultural psychology. Without the implementation of research, the subjects appealing to cross-cultural psychology would mainly rely on assumptions. Cross-cultural psychologists are very interested in examining commonalities between cultures.He or she is occupied with how they interact with each other resulting in certain behaviors and psychologists do so by describing, explaining, foretelling, and managing. Doing research means carrying out a scientific investigation and using suitable methods. Cross-cultural psychology uses a research methodology that can be divided further into two subcategories, the quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research, which is done through observation, measures human behavior by utilizing the mode, the median, and the mean (central tendency).In this process, four different scales can be used to measure, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Alternatively, qualitative research is preferably done in unconditioned settings, also referred to natural settings. This kind of research method is chosen when measuring variables are impossible to collect, measurement tools are not on hand, and when specific scales cannot be read. Further, there are two different strategies, the application-oriented strategy and the comparativist strategy, from which a researcher can chose when conducting research.In addition, a researcher can also utilize and benefit from various strategies to collect samples such as through convenience, systematic, or random sampling (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The psychological methods available to a cross-cultural psychologist to investigate are â€Å"observation (naturalistic and laboratory), survey (direct and indirect), experimental studies (independent and dependent variables), content-analysis, psychobiography, meta-analysis, focus-group method† (Shiraev & Levy, 2010, pp. 35-40). When conducting cross-cultural studies, certain obstacles may appear.For instance, language can create additional problems when research is done; therefore, the correct translation is essential. The researcher should be capable of translating a specific method as authentically as possible. In addition, a good researcher should also pay attention when comparing two phenomena (acknowledge similarities) and avoid biases of generalization at all times (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Conclusion Because culture plays such an important part in one’s life, it is crucial to acknowledge it when determining the causes of one’s behavior.Culture is something appearing at all times and is manmade. Clearly, cultural and cross-cultural psychologies are two essential disciplines, which help one comprehend the affect culture has on an individual and his or her environment. Through cultural psychology, one can see the connection between culture, psychology, and therefore, behavior. Existing parallel to cultural psychology, cross-cultural psychology helps one acknowledge the differences and similarities existing between cultures and the affect they have on one’s action. Without it, one will never entirely understand the complex nature of humanity. Introduction to Cross-Cultural Psychology Culture plays an important part in one’s life as it relates to the field of psychology. Culture enables one to define him or herself and differ from one to another, and helps one survive. Culture facilitates self-expression, through language, appearance, and behavior. Culture exists everywhere and is a product of one’s environment. The significance of culture and its influence by oneself and others will be explained in this paper. In addition, the role of critical thinking in cross-cultural psychology and the scientific method involved with cross-cultural research will be addressed, and defined.Definition of Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology Culture is learned, passed down, from generation to generation and strongly influences individual behavior. It is an existing element in one’s environment, shaped by oneself and many others. Culture either shapes or influences one and is what makes one human. Psychology is the study of human behavior and performance; the refore, it is vital that the cultural and cross-cultural aspects are considered in determining the cause of one’s actions.Behavior is affected by sources both biological and environmental in nature but these do not entirely explain human behavior. There must be an acknowledgement of the social-cultural conditions, in which behavior occurs. Thus, cultural psychology looks to identify the link that between culture and psychology. This recognition allows one to perceive that cognitive operations are variable products occurring between culture and oneself in the kind of environment by which one is surrounded (Segal, Dasen, Berry & Poortinga, 1999). Culture is two-fold, either bringing people together or pulling people apart.This newer discipline of cross-cultural psychology, acknowledges important factors and considers many cultures when defining the actions and behaviors of individuals. Culture should be not confused with society, race, and ethnicity. Though these factors contri bute to individualism, they differ from culture itself. For example, culture is a shared experience within a group and leads to specific behaviors among the group, whereas society is made of people. Cross-cultural psychology uses various approaches to facilitate one’s understanding of how human behavior varies in diverse cultural settings.These include evolutionary, sociological, and ecocultural. The evolutionary approach, for instance, considers biological factors contributing to one’s behavior whereas the ecocultural approach considers that a person cannot be acknowledged without considering one’s environment (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The Relationship between Cultural and Cross-Cultural Psychology Cultural psychology interfaces with other disciplines, including philosophy, and anthropology. While other disciplines permit a wider perspective, cultural psychology focuses solely on how one’s culture affects his or her behavior and how this connection comes i nto existence.G Cultural psychology is aware that human energy cannot be solely explicated by other factors including one’s genetic predispositions. Instead, cultural psychology sees one’s mind and culture forming a unity that should be not separated when trying to explain behavior. On the other hand, cross-cultural psychology, despite interfacing with other fields such as anthropology and history, prefers to compare various cultures against each other while discovering more about differences and similarities and their effect on humanity.Both disciplines clearly consider the aspects of culture; therefore, their starting points do not differ much. However, they also deviate from each other in that cultural psychology is mostly concerned with understanding the relationship one has with a culture, whereas cross-cultural psychology is mainly interested in the comparison of various cultures (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The Role of Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology W hen used correctly, critical thinking can, and will benefit one in countless ways.Life, just as humanity itself, is very complex and at times, difficult to understand. Being able to go through life with a certain purpose and sense, and being able to understand human nature is not an easy task, often requiring specific knowledge and experience in doing so. Critical thinking provides the necessary tools to enable one to navigate through the fog of life with the determined intent. However, critical thinking is not something one is born with; rather, it is something that needs to be learned and trained.Thinking abstractly, being able to decipher problematic puzzles, coordinating thoughts accurately and intentionally, and being able to communicate succinctly require the use of critical thinking. Thinking critically means asking the right questions and solving problems. If one is unskilled and unqualified using the tools provided by critical thinking, then one most likely is not developin g to his or her fullest. Part of being able to apply critical thinking also means one can learn, and learn even more.Various characteristics describe a critical thinker and are, for instance, the correct use of language, the ability of organizing, and patience when making vital decisions (Hunter, 2009). All these above mentioned factors matter to the field of cross-cultural psychology. For example, language can be at times very tricky and therefore, lead to discrimination. The correct translation is very significant so that one can understand someone else in the way he or she wants to be comprehended. However, interlingual rendition is not easy and translating one word to another does not entirely mean the purpose of the word used is understood correctly.One clearly must know that language can be applied in many ways and can traumatize, be incontrovertible, and inspiring. Another way critical thinking supports cross-cultural psychology is in the research performed by this discipline . Being able to overlook biases, leave out emotions, chose right from wrong, and acknowledge the validity and reliability of research requires critical thinking skills. In addition, critical thinking becomes a necessity whenever a comparison is made of different groups and therefore cultures.These are just few of many examples of how critical thinking helps cross-cultural psychology. Without it, one’s understanding of how culture affects diverse behaviors could become affected leading to wrong impressions (Segal, Dasen, Berry & Poortinga, 1999). Methodology Associated with Cross-Cultural Research Research is very significant to the field of cross-cultural psychology. Without the implementation of research, the subjects appealing to cross-cultural psychology would mainly rely on assumptions. Cross-cultural psychologists are very interested in examining commonalities between cultures.He or she is occupied with how they interact with each other resulting in certain behaviors and psychologists do so by describing, explaining, foretelling, and managing. Doing research means carrying out a scientific investigation and using suitable methods. Cross-cultural psychology uses a research methodology that can be divided further into two subcategories, the quantitative and qualitative research. Quantitative research, which is done through observation, measures human behavior by utilizing the mode, the median, and the mean (central tendency).In this process, four different scales can be used to measure, which are nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Alternatively, qualitative research is preferably done in unconditioned settings, also referred to natural settings. This kind of research method is chosen when measuring variables are impossible to collect, measurement tools are not on hand, and when specific scales cannot be read. Further, there are two different strategies, the application-oriented strategy and the comparativist strategy, from which a researcher can chose when conducting research.In addition, a researcher can also utilize and benefit from various strategies to collect samples such as through convenience, systematic, or random sampling (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). The psychological methods available to a cross-cultural psychologist to investigate are â€Å"observation (naturalistic and laboratory), survey (direct and indirect), experimental studies (independent and dependent variables), content-analysis, psychobiography, meta-analysis, focus-group method† (Shiraev & Levy, 2010, pp. 35-40). When conducting cross-cultural studies, certain obstacles may appear.For instance, language can create additional problems when research is done; therefore, the correct translation is essential. The researcher should be capable of translating a specific method as authentically as possible. In addition, a good researcher should also pay attention when comparing two phenomena (acknowledge similarities) and avoid biases of generalization at all times (Shiraev & Levy, 2010). Conclusion Because culture plays such an important part in one’s life, it is crucial to acknowledge it when determining the causes of one’s behavior.Culture is something appearing at all times and is manmade. Clearly, cultural and cross-cultural psychologies are two essential disciplines, which help one comprehend the affect culture has on an individual and his or her environment. Through cultural psychology, one can see the connection between culture, psychology, and therefore, behavior. Existing parallel to cultural psychology, cross-cultural psychology helps one acknowledge the differences and similarities existing between cultures and the affect they have on one’s action. Without it, one will never entirely understand the complex nature of humanity.

ESL Lesson for Creating a New Product

ESL Lesson for Creating a New Product Nowadays, its common to talk about products, their functionality and marketing. In this lesson, students come up with a product idea, mock-up a design for the product and present a marketing strategy. Each student owns a step of the process in the final presentation to the class. Combine this lesson with a lesson on pitching a product and students can practice the essential elements of finding investors.   Aim: Learning vocabulary related to product development, developing team player skills Activity: Develop, design and market a new product Level: Intermediate to advanced level learners Lesson Outline Bring one of your favorite innovative products into class. Ask questions using the vocabulary terms provided in the product vocabulary reference. Give examples for your questions such as: What functionality does this phone have? - You can surf the internet, send email, and download apps. to help students with understanding.Once youve reviewed vocabulary as a class, ask students to provide their own examples of innovative products.  Provide the vocabulary reference and ask students to write five sentence describing a product they like.Have students divide into small groups - three to six students is best.  Ask each group to come up with a new product. They can either invent a new product, or create a variation on a product they know.  Have students answer the worksheet questions about their new product.With the worksheet answered, students should move on to developing a plan for building, designing and marketing their product. Students who feel more comfortable with drawing can design, and business orientated students can take on marketing.   Help students by checking grammar descriptions, asking probing questions about the functionality, logistics of production and marketing, etc.  Students complete the project by giving a presentation to the class. The inventor should provide a product overview, the designer provide a sketch of the product, and the marketer an advertising strategy.  Vote on the best product as a class.   Vocabulary Reference Use these words to discuss, develop and design a new product. functionality (noun) - Functionality describes the purpose of the product. In other words, what does the product do?innovative (adjective) - Products that are innovative are new in some way.aesthetic (noun) - The aesthetics of a product refer to the values (artistic as well as functional)intuitive (adjective) - An intuitive product is self-explanatory. Its easy to know how to use it without having to read a manual.thorough (adjective) - A thorough product is a product that is excellent in every way and well designed.branding (noun) - The branding of a product refers to how a product will be marketed to the public.packaging (noun) - The packaging refers to the container in which the product is sold to the public.marketing (noun) - Marketing refers to how a product will be presented to the public.logo (noun) - The symbol used to identify a product or company.feature (noun) - A feature is a benefit or use of a product.warranty (noun) - The warranty is a guarantee that the product will w ork for a certain period of time. If not, the customer will receive a refund or replacement.component (noun) - A component can be thought of as a part of a product.accessory (noun) - An accessory is something extra that can be bought in order to add functinality to a product.materials (noun) - The materials refer to what a product is made of such as metal, wood, plastic, etc.   Computer Related Products specifications (noun) - The specifications of a product refers to size, construction and materials used.   dimensions (noun) - The size of a product.weight (noun) -  How much something weighs.width (noun) - How wide something is.depth (noun) -  How deep a product is.length (noun) - How long something is.height (noun) - How tall a product is. When developing computer-related products the following specifications are important: display (noun) - The screen used.type (noun) - The type of technology used in a display.size (noun) - How big the display is.resolution (noun) -  How many pixels the display shows. platform (noun) - The type of software / hardware a product uses.OS (noun) - The operating system such as Android or Windows.chipset (noun) - The type of computer chip used.CPU (noun) - Central processing unit - The brain of the product.GPU (noun) - Graphic processing unit - The brain used to display videos, pictures, etc.   memory (noun) - How many gigabytes the product can store.   camera (noun) - The type of camera used to make videos and take photos.   comms (noun) - The different types of communications protocols used such as Bluetooth or WiFi. New Product Questions Answer these questions to help you develop your product.   What functionality does your product provide? Who will use your product? Why will they use it? What problems can your product solve? What advantages does your product present? Why is your product superior to other products? What are the dimensions of your product? How much will your product cost?

Italian Phrases for Staying at a Hotel in Italy

Italian Phrases for Staying at a Hotel in Italy When you visit Italy, there are a variety of options for accommodation. If you’re looking for something that’s more standard, a hotel room might be the best fit for you. But if you want a more authentic experience, you could choose to stay in a hostel, rent a room in someone’s home, book an entire apartment for yourself, or stay in something more unique like an . No matter what you choose, you’re going to need  phrases  along with important vocabulary. Phrases C’à ¨ qualcosa di pià ¹ economico? - Is there anything cheaper?Il prezzo include la colazione? - Does the price include breakfast?Qual à ¨ la password per il WiFi? - What is the WiFi password?Ho perso la chiave. - I lost my key.Mi sono chiuso/a fuori dalla camera. - I’m locked out of my room.La luce non funziona. - The light isn’t working.Non c’à ¨ acqua calda. - There is no hot water.La camera à ¨ troppo (fredda). - The room is too (cold).Mi d la ricevuta, per favore? - Can you give me a receipt, please?Possiamo lasciare i bagagli fino alle (due)? - Can we leave our bags here until (2PM)?Mi puà ² procurare un taxi per andare all’aeroporto, per favore? - Can you organize a taxi for going to the airport, please?Avete...? - Do you have...? Vocabulary L’Internet - InternetLa cucina - KitchenLa lavanderia - LaundryIl telefono - TelephoneGli asciugamani - TowelsIl sapone - SoapLa carta igienica - Toilet paperUn’altra coperta - Another blanketLe lenzuola pulite - Clean sheetsLa TV - TelevisionIl telecomando - RemoteLa piscina - PoolL’aria condizionata - Air conditioningIl servizio in camera - Room serviceFare check-in - To check inFare check-out - To check outPrenotare - To bookLa camera - RoomLa camera doppia - Double roomIl letto matrimoniale - Double bedIl passaporto - PassportIl piano - FloorLe valigie - Suitcases / baggageGli ospiti - Guests Tip: It’s more likely that you’ll hear â€Å"i documenti - documents† instead of â€Å"il passaporto - passport.† Dialogue You: Buongiorno, abbiamo prenotato una camera doppia per stanotte. - Hello, we booked a double room for tonight.Clerk: Il suo nome, prego? - Your name, please?You: Giulia Mazzini.Clerk: Per due notti, vero? - For two nights, right?You: Sà ¬. - Yes.Clerk: Il totale à ¨ settantacinque euro. - The total is 75 euro.You: Possiamo pagare con la carta di credito? - Can we pay by credit card?Clerk: Sà ¬, certo. Posso vedere i vostri passaporti? - Yes, absolutely. Can I see your passports?You: Sà ¬, ecco. - Yes. Here they are.Clerk: Ecco la chiave, la vostra camera à ¨ la numero 215 al secondo piano. - Here is the key, your room number is (215) on the (2nd) floor.You: A che ora (si deve)/dobbiamo lasciare libera la camera? - What time is check-out?Clerk: Alle 11. - At 11 am.You: Grazie! - Thanks!Clerk: Potete usare l’ascensore là ¬ in fondo. - You (all) can use the elevator there at the end (of the hall). Phrases for an Apartment If you book privately, the landlord may request that you send a â€Å"bonifico - deposit† via wire transfer. In order to do this, collect the IBAN number (cod IBAN) and the BIC number (cod BIC). The â€Å"bonifico† may be anywhere between 30-50% of the price. Finally, tourist season is April - October, so if you plan on visiting during that time, particularly in a more populated area, like Firenze, be sure to book 6-7 months in advance. Come funziona la lavatrice? - How does the washer work?C’à ¨ un ferro da stiro? - Is there an iron?Il gas à ¨ aperto? - Is the gas on? Tip: You’ll need to know how to ask about the gas because you won’t be able to cook using the stove unless the gas switch is open or turned on.

The Managerial Venture and Successful Marketplace Case Study

The Managerial Venture and Successful Marketplace - Case Study Example Final considerations are related to the company’s capacity to assess a best practice to cope with the ethical standard, with an eye on the success stories within major knowledge-intensive industries, together with a primary analysis of the macroeconomic conditions in an industrial perspective as well. This work is based on considerations and evaluations for a business emerging in the United States, that aims at developing a comprehensive software in order for a small enterprise to enter the gambling market on an accurate and feasible way. A family run- small business is, therefore, analyzing on a strategic, financial and regulatory perspective the major elements and factors that may impede the business growth, together with a comprehensive evaluation of the intrinsic characteristics of the business that is being designed in this sense. Major focus will then be dedicated to the business capacity to meet all the existing regulations and recommendations that govern the industry in which the software is expected to operate, while on the other side major elements that may impair the software spread will be also related to the managerial ability to cope with internal regulations and with Ethic practices. A comprehensive and integral evaluation of this case will, therefore, cover the business impact of stakeholders, the international code of ethics characteristics, the ethical framework together with a final individual opinion in this sense. The development of this business requires a preliminary accurate and extensive understanding of all the possible stakeholders that are considered for the analysis of a business and ethical perspective: A major preliminary stakeholder is a government. The capacity to cope with all the ongoing regulations and laws governing the gambling business is in this sense a proof of its importance in this field.

Inventory Planning and Control Systems Research Paper

Inventory Planning and Control Systems - Research Paper Example Supported with an example of the sugar industry, the report further emphasizes on the disadvantages of inventory mismanagement. Listing the problems related to inventory control encountered by the management the report further identifies the solutions required to solve them. The report contains valuable information regarding efficiencies that exist in a firm due to proper inventory planning and control. It also emphasizes on the impact inventory planning and control has on the competitiveness of a firm and how the competitiveness results into increased profitability. The report summarizes the critical importance of inventory planning and control for a firm to survive in an industry and the fierce competition. An inventory can be defined as a list of goods which are either finished, in form of raw material, in process or just simply as stock in hand. Inventory is also usually referred to as the list which contains all the information regarding the operation management of an organizati on. In detail, an inventory includes the amount of raw material available and the amount required to be ordered, finished goods ready to be delivered to the customers, goods stocked in the warehouse and even the half finished goods that require space to be stored before they move on to the next phase of the production process. Besides exceptional cases such as of those firms in the services industries; inventories are considered to be a firm’s major revenue producer. Reasons for holding inventory Inventory is basically the most critical component of a production process and it exists in an organization just so that the firm is able to respond to requirements in relation with forecasted demand. The need for inventory can arise in situations where the product has uncertain demand and the producers are not particularly sure about the amount they should produce (Broyles, 2003, p.389). They therefore resort to inventory tactics such as producing in excess of the estimate forecaste d. In some industries there is even a percentage of uncertainty regarding the availability of raw material. For example the sugar industry is plagued with the uncertainty attached to sugar cane because floods may sometimes ruin the crop. Furthermore, lack of rain and lack of fertility of a land leads to low levels of sucrose extracted

Research critique part 1 Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Research critique part 1 - Term Paper Example Several factors were assessed including alcohol, tobacco and obesity. There has been a rising occurrence of chronic illnesses across the globe. Even if there has been a decline in preventable deaths arising from respiratory and cardiovascular illnesses, the occurrence of chronic illnesses linked with ageing and deteriorating risk factors for chronic illnesses. Smoking is the only risk factor that has been on the decline in the recent past. There was an increase in obese individuals from 19 percent to 25 percent between 1995 and 2005 (Harris and Lloyd, 2008). There was minimal change in levels of physical activity. The feeding habits have worsened over the years as individuals consumed fewer vegetables. This problem discussed in the paper is important as it affects most people in the population. The main aim of the paper was to look into the role of nursing in preventing the occurrence of chronic illnesses. It mainly focusses on the lifestyle that individuals have been leading that contributes to the increase in prevalence of chronic illnesses (Harris and Lloyd, 2008). Several remedies were proposed to deal with this problem such as establishing a system for referral services, evaluating the needs of the less fortunate members of society, health risk evaluation and alternatives to support interventions. In the course of the four years there have been changes in the role of primary care that have facilitated unity among community and health professionals’ interests. The paper addresses various research questions. First, what is the proof of effective nursing intervention to dealing with behavioral risk aspects? Second, how can the evidence for prevention of chronic illnesses be changed into practice? Finally, what inequities are present and the evidence for effective nursing interventions to deal with them? It is clear that the research problem and the purpose were related (Harris and

Transculture Final Essay Example for Free

Transculture Final Essay The movie Hotel Rwanda focuses on the story of a man named Paul Rusesabagina, a manager of a European-owned hotel in Rwanda. By creating a seret refuge camp in the hotel, Rusesabagina was able to help save the lives of 1, 200 Tutsis from the Hutus during the brutal genocide in 1994.   The gist of the film is depicted in the underlying genius of how the film was able to portray a hellish event without using too much distressing scenes just to be able to show the audience the brutality of the genocide, the narrative of political criticism and comments from the lines spoken by the artists   served as a replacement for these scenes   leaving it to one’s imagination on how severe the true event was. Many social issues were touched in the film. For one, the indifference of the West towards the African lives is believed to be the reason behind the genocide. (Theis, 2004). Another is that the social structure as to who should be on top and who should have the power is discussed all through out the film since the genocide was planned by the Hutus long before to take in effect the   â€Å"one man-one vote† which served as an opportunity for them to kill as many Tutsi Christians. (â€Å"Hotel Rwanda†), this is not only in a political sense but in a religious perspective as well. Many of these issues exist not only in Africa but also in other countries which remain unresolved.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the most straining parts of the movie is the presence of the peacekeepers and their inability to intervene because they were told not to and this makes the situation more devastating for the hopeful Tutsi. The tension showed in the film address the inability of some to be able to help in giving out solutions to the problem even if it already requires personal judgment. What really makes me uncomfortable is the inequality shown in the film and the brutal solutions done. It is also frustrating to see that while most of the foreign nationals were saved from the holocaust many of the Tutsi are left hoping to be saved by the intervention of others and relying only in the abilities of one man.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This film allowed me to reflect more on my social responsibilities the way it has challenged Paul to help his family and still be able continue to saving lives of others without questioning personal judgment. Moreover, the film was able to show me how one man can make a difference during desperate times and create measures that may appear as inevitable to others. References Theis, P. 2004. Hero. Off Off Off.   Retrieved June 18, 2008 from http://www.offoffoff.com/film/2004/hotelrwanda.php Hotel Rwanda. Frontline Fellowship. Retrieved June 18, 2008 from http://www.frontline.org.za/articles/hotel_rwanda.htm

The Overwhelming Essay -- Character Analysis, Jack, Dr. Gansana

In The Overwhelming, Mizinga says to Jack, "One is defined by what one is against. And who. To struggle against these people, to fight for what is yours. To suffer and yet to struggle on: This is what makes life precious. And brings understanding (p 76-77)". Within the three novels that will be discussed in this essay, the aforementioned quote highlights the dilemma that each protagonist faces on his way from innocence to maturation (word choice). In The Overwhelming, the protagonist, Jack travels to Rwanda during the onset of the Rwandan genocide. In search of his friend, Dr. Gansana, Jack learns that the workings of Rwanda is nothing like his home country, and experiences firsthand the brutality that would occur over the following weeks. He must make a decision between his son and his friend, and ultimately chooses his son, leading to the death of his friend. The Innocent, by Ian McEwan, Leonard, a sheltered adult, travels to a post World War 2 German for work. He encounters games of espionage, and what can be called love. This connection takes him from adolescence to maturation, to the point where he inadvertently commits murder. Lastly, Native Son, by Richard Wright, tells the story of Bigger, an African American youth, who faces external strife from his immediate environment. In a racially discriminating America, Bigger commits murder and is freed. He goes from being inhibited and beaten down by his environment, to attain a sense of freedom. With this said, all these men encounter murder, whether the decisions made were deliberate or inadvertent. While their reactions are different, it can be seen that murder transforms their innocence or contributes to the loss of it. In The Overwhelming, Jack Exley enters Rwanda with inte... ...k man in America. While he also kills Bessie, she has less of an effect because she is African American as well. Despite this, Bigger still commits murder. Fletcher states, "You are liable for murder if (1) you act (2) intentionally (3) to bring about the death of (4) a living human being, and you are not acting in (5) self-defense or while (6) insane (Fletcher, 97)†. In Bigger’s case, he is guilty for both murders. The murder of Mary was accidental but he disposed of her body in brutal fashion. This fashion however was out of fear of being caught. Because of the racial difference, it was very likely that Bigger would get in trouble for being caught with Mary, if not worse, lynched. His murder of Bessie revolved around the fact that she may have given him away to the police. With this said, it is clear these murders revolve around the fear of being caught.

Disguise in Twelfth Night Essay

Twelfth Night is one of William Shakespeare’s so-called transvestite comedies that features a female disguising herself as a young man. This concept might be difficult to grasp by today’s audience but during Shakespeare’s time it was not unusual for female roles to be played by young boys. Every character in the play is involved in a situation where they think one person is someone else. These situations lead to turmoil and humor in the play. The many instances of mistaken identity and uncertainty of gender in Shakespeare’s Twelfth Night contribute to the theme of confusion in the play. The first character in the play to introduce the theme of confusion is Viola. She is distraught after being separated from her twin brother, Sebastian, in a shipwreck. In hoping that he could still be alive, she is determined to support herself in an unfamiliar land by getting a job as a messenger in town. She says to the captain that rescued her, â€Å"conceal me what I am, and be my aid †¦ present me as [a male soprano] to him† (Shakespeare I.ii.49-52). Presenting her as a male soprano explains the high pitch of her voice. She decides to disguise herself as a young man named Cesario so she can work for Orsino, the duke of Illyra. Viola’s job is to be a messenger and after three days she becomes a favorite of Duke Orsino. He says to Cesario, â€Å"it shall become thee well to act my woes / She will attend it better in thy youth† (Shakespeare I.iv.26-27). The duke decides to send Cesario on the most important errand as messenger of his love letters to Olivia believing she will accept the letters from a youthful boy. This will eventually lead to trouble as a love triangle between Olivia, Orsino, and Viola†¦

How to Play Basketball Essay

In order to play basketball, you need one basketball and two basketball hoops on opposite ends of the court. The hoops should be ten feet high. In an original game, you should form two teams of five individuals apiece would be the requirements. If a court just so happens to be full or fewer players are available, a game with one hoop can be played using alternate rules. The object is for you to score more baskets than your opponent. You should play a typical game for sixty minutes with four fifteen-minute periods, but you really can determine the length yourself. For you to start the game, the wo teams you formed, line up around the two centers. Each of your players matches up against another based on height and skill to make it fair. The referee throws the ball straight up and the two of you who are playing the position center, jump up to gain possession. The goal for you is to â€Å"tip† the ball to your teammates to gain possession. Remember Basketball is much as an offensive game as defensive game. When you have the ball, all of the members of your team are on offense. On offense you are trying to score points by shooting the ball into the opposing team’s basket. Each â€Å"basket† your team scores is worth two points. Baskets scored outside the three-point line (an arc-shaped line beyond the free throw line) are worth three points. On offense you need to advance the ball, you can advance the ball in two ways: by passing and dribbling. First Dribbling, you need to take the ball and bounce it on the floor in a continuous motion. This is the process of dribbling. You can move your feet and body in any direction as long as you are dribbling but if you move in any direction without dribbling the ball then that is a violation. The goal for your team on offense is†¦